• Andrew Rixon, Clare Skinner, and Samuel Wilson.
• Department of Business Technology and Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
• Emerg Med Australas. 2023 Jun 1; 35 (3): 420426420-426.

ObjectiveWorkplace incivility is a global challenge for healthcare and a major leadership challenge facing emergency physicians. However, little is known about emergency physicians' understanding of the factors that help and hinder attempts to address incivility, or what emergency physicians believe are the priority factors to address. The present study makes a novel contribution to research in this area by examining the perceived enablers of, and barriers to, efforts to address incivility in Australian and Aotearoa New Zealand EDs.MethodsAn online modified Delphi study was conducted with 22 FACEMs. To structure the process, participants were sorted into four panels. Using a three-phase Delphi process, participants were guided through the process of brainstorming, narrowing down and ranking the factors that help and hinder attempts to address incivility in EDs.ResultsThere was general agreement that FACEMs' cross-department relationships and networks were key helping factors, and that poor workplace culture and time pressure were major hindering factors. However, despite agreement about these three factors, a wide range of intrapersonal, interpersonal, intergroup, and organisational factors were identified as pertinent to attempts to address incivility in EDs.ConclusionThe causes of incivility in Australian and Aotearoa New Zealand EDs are complex and highlight incivility in EDs as a key adaptive leadership challenge of emergency physicians. Fundamentally, the results underscore the need to foster a workplace culture of respect, inclusion and civility in Australasian hospitals.© 2022 The Authors. Emergency Medicine Australasia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australasian College for Emergency Medicine.

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