• Kyra Bernhart, Karin Becke-Jakob, Thomas Lehmann, Michael Harnik, Stefan Seiler, Winfried Meissner, Frank Stüber, and Ulrike M Stamer.
• Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
• Br J Anaesth. 2023 Jan 1; 130 (1): 748274-82.

BackgroundPain after paediatric appendectomy and tonsillectomy is often undertreated. Benchmarking of hospitals could reveal which measures are associated with improved patient- or parent-reported pain-related outcomes.MethodsA total of 898 anonymised cases from 11 European hospitals participating in PAIN OUT infant were analysed. The children completed a questionnaire on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) 24 h after surgery. According to a composite PRO measure, including pain intensity and pain-related interference, hospitals were allocated to Group I (favourable results), II (average results), and III (unfavourable results). Benchmarking of hospital groups was performed investigating process variables (dosing of non-opioid analgesics, opioids, and dexamethasone) associated with PROs, side-effects, and children's perception of care. Variables associated with PROs were analysed using multinomial regression analysis with the PRO score-related hospital group as a dependent variable (estimated odds ratios [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI]).ResultsDuring the first 24 h after surgery, 1.2 (1.1-1.3) full daily doses of non-opioid analgesics (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug [NSAID], paracetamol, metamizole) were administered in group I and 0.7 (0.6-0.8) in group III (P<0.001). Intraoperative dexamethasone was administered to 70.1 and 52.6% of the children in Group I and Group III, respectively (P<0.001). A lower number of full daily doses of non-opioid analgesics: 0.22 [0.15-0.31]), less dexamethasone (0.49 [0.33-0.71]), fewer non-opioid analgesics before the end of surgery (0.37 [0.22-0.62]) and higher opioid doses were associated with hospital allocation to group III vs group I (Nagelkerke's R2=0.433).ConclusionsThe results indicated substantial deficits in the concept, application, and dosing of analgesics in paediatric patients after surgery. Timely administration of adequate analgesic doses can easily be introduced into daily clinical practice.Clinical Trial Registrationclinicaltrials.gov NCT02083835.Copyright © 2022 British Journal of Anaesthesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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