• Renato De Vecchis, Antonio Ciccarelli, Carmelina Ariano, Carmela Cioppa, Anna Giasi, Armando Pucciarelli, and Salvatore Cantatrione.
• Presidio Sanitario Intermedio Elena d'Aosta, Naples, Italy.
• Can J Cardiol. 2011 Mar 1;27(2):152-8.

BackgroundHypertension is a recognized risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS) along with diabetes, smoking, and hypercholesterolemia. Any uncertainty remains about other putative risk factors, ultrasound-derived, such as carotid soft plaques.MethodsA case-control study was carried out concerning cases of IS or transient ischemic attack (TIA) found in an outpatient population from February 2000 to March 2008. For every patient with documented IS or TIA, 1 to 2 controls without previous cerebrovascular event were recruited. The variables analyzed were: hypertension, defined as mild hypertension (140-160 mm Hg) or moderate-to-severe hypertension (>160 mm Hg); age, divided into 3 classes: 60 to 70, 70 to 80, and 80 to 90 years; diabetes and carotid plaques, categorized as "soft" or "hard" plaques, and as plaques achieving mild (<50%) or moderate (50%-70%) luminal narrowing.ResultsFourty-six cases and 60 controls were analyzed. In univariate analysis, moderate-to-severe hypertension, age between 80 and 90 years, carotid soft plaques and 50% to 70% stenoses predicted ischemic cerebral events. In multivariable analysis, only moderate-to-severe hypertension (odds ratio [OR]: 15.536; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.142-58.271; P = 0.0000) and oldest age class (OR: 15.862; 95% CI: 3.836-65.592; P = 0.0001) proved to predict IS or TIA. Soft plaques were found to predict risk of IS (OR: 13.50; 95% CI: 2.9788-61.1821) in hypertensive, but not in patients whose hypertension had been controlled by therapy (OR: 0.2308; 95% CI: 0.0270-1.9720) (qualitative interaction).ConclusionsModerate-to-severe hypertension and very old age predicted IS and TIA, whereas carotid soft plaques did not, in the presence of normotensive blood pressure.Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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