• Mirnova E Ceïde, Natasha J Williams, Azizi Seixas, Samantha K Longman-Mills, and Girardin Jean-Louis.
• a Montefiore Medical Center , Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science , Bronx , NY 10467 , USA ;
• Ann. Med. 2015 Jan 1; 47 (8): 687693687-93.

IntroductionThis study assessed associations of depression and anxiety with risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among non-Hispanic blacks in the Metabolic Syndrome Outcome (MetSO) study.MethodA total of 1,035 patients participated. ARES™ score ≥6 defined high OSA risk. Moderate depression was defined by a CES-D score ≥16. Moderate anxiety was measured by a BAI score ≥16.ResultsThe mean age was 62 ± 14 years; 70% were female. A total of 93% were diagnosed with hypertension; 61%, diabetes; and 72%, dyslipidemia; 90% were overweight/obese; 33% had a history of heart disease; and 10% had a stroke. Logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age and gender, showed that patients with depression had nearly two-fold increased odds of being at risk for OSA (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.02-2.98, p < 0.05). Patients with anxiety had three-fold increased odds of being at risk for OSA (OR 3.30, 95% CI 2.11-5.15, p < 0.01). After adjusting for marital status and income, patients with anxiety had a 6% increase in OSA risk (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04-1.09, p < 0.05), but depression was no longer significant.ConclusionOur results suggest that non-Hispanic blacks with metabolic syndrome who experience anxiety and/or depression should be screened for OSA.

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