• Thaísa de Souza Lima, Flávia Mariane Pagani, Carolina Bianchini Borges, Caetano Galvão Petrini, PaschoiniMarina CarvalhoMC0000-0003-2218-4747Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology - Uberaba (MG), Brazil., Edward Araújo Júnior, and Alberto Borges Peixoto.
• Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology - Uberaba (MG), Brazil.
• Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2023 Jan 1; 69 (1): 242924-29.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between antibiotic prophylaxis and adverse perinatal outcomes in premature rupture of membranes.MethodsThis retrospective cohort included pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes (between 24 and 33+6 weeks) who used or did not use prophylactic antibiotics. Pearson's chi-square (χ²) test, Student's t-test, and binary logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.ResultsA significant effect was observed in patients with premature rupture of membranes using prophylactic antibiotics regarding amniotic fluid index (p=0.007), deepest vertical pocket (p=0.049), duration of antibiotic therapy (p≤0.001), C-reactive protein level upon admission (p≤0.001), leukocyte count upon admission (p=0.007), and length of stay in neonatal intensive care (p=0.047). A significant association was observed between the abovementioned patients and surfactant use during the neonatal period (p=0.04). A higher prevalence of surfactant use was noted in these patients (20.0 vs. 8.7%; p=0.04).ConclusionNo association was found between antibiotic prophylaxis and the presence of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes between 24 and 33+6 weeks of gestation.

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