• Guillaume Emeriaud, Yolanda M López-Fernández, Narayan Prabhu Iyer, Melania M Bembea, Asya Agulnik, Ryan P Barbaro, Florent Baudin, Anoopindar Bhalla, Brunow de CarvalhoWertherWDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Christopher L Carroll, Ira M Cheifetz, Mohammod J Chisti, Pablo Cruces, CurleyMartha A QMAQDepartment of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA., Mary K Dahmer, Heidi J Dalton, Simon J Erickson, Sandrine Essouri, Analía Fernández, Heidi R Flori, Jocelyn R Grunwell, Philippe Jouvet, Elizabeth Y Killien, KneyberMartin C JMCJDepartment of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Critical Care Medicine, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands., Sapna R Kudchadkar, Steven Kwasi Korang, Jan Hau Lee, Duncan J Macrae, Aline Maddux, Vicent Modesto I Alapont, Brenda M Morrow, Vinay M Nadkarni, Natalie Napolitano, NewthChristopher J LCJLDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA., Martí Pons-Odena, Michael W Quasney, Prakadeshwari Rajapreyar, Jerome Rambaud, Adrienne G Randolph, Peter Rimensberger, Courtney M Rowan, L Nelson Sanchez-Pinto, Anil Sapru, Michael Sauthier, Steve L Shein, Lincoln S Smith, Katerine Steffen, Muneyuki Takeuchi, Neal J Thomas, Sze Man Tse, Stacey Valentine, Shan Ward, R Scott Watson, Nadir Yehya, Jerry J Zimmerman, Robinder G Khemani, and Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC-2) Group on behalf of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network.
• Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2023 Feb 1; 24 (2): 143168143-168.

ObjectivesWe sought to update our 2015 work in the Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC-2) guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS), considering new evidence and topic areas that were not previously addressed.DesignInternational consensus conference series involving 52 multidisciplinary international content experts in PARDS and four methodology experts from 15 countries, using consensus conference methodology, and implementation science.SettingNot applicable.PatientsPatients with or at risk for PARDS.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsEleven subgroups conducted systematic or scoping reviews addressing 11 topic areas: 1) definition, incidence, and epidemiology; 2) pathobiology, severity, and risk stratification; 3) ventilatory support; 4) pulmonary-specific ancillary treatment; 5) nonpulmonary treatment; 6) monitoring; 7) noninvasive respiratory support; 8) extracorporeal support; 9) morbidity and long-term outcomes; 10) clinical informatics and data science; and 11) resource-limited settings. The search included MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost) and was updated in March 2022. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology was used to summarize evidence and develop the recommendations, which were discussed and voted on by all PALICC-2 experts. There were 146 recommendations and statements, including: 34 recommendations for clinical practice; 112 consensus-based statements with 18 on PARDS definition, 55 on good practice, seven on policy, and 32 on research. All recommendations and statements had agreement greater than 80%.ConclusionsPALICC-2 recommendations and consensus-based statements should facilitate the implementation and adherence to the best clinical practice in patients with PARDS. These results will also inform the development of future programs of research that are crucially needed to provide stronger evidence to guide the pediatric critical care teams managing these patients.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies.

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