• Stacey L Valentine, Sapna R Kudchadkar, Shan Ward, Brenda M Morrow, Vinay M Nadkarni, CurleyMartha A QMAQDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA., and Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC-2) of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network.
• Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Massachusetts Children´s Medical Center, Worcester, MA.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2023 Feb 1; 24 (12 Suppl 2): S45S60S45-S60.

ObjectivesTo provide an updated review of the literature on nonpulmonary treatments for pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) from the Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference.Data SourcesMEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), and CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost).Study SelectionSearches were limited to children with PARDS or hypoxic respiratory failure focused on nonpulmonary adjunctive therapies (sedation, delirium management, neuromuscular blockade, nutrition, fluid management, transfusion, sleep management, and rehabilitation).Data ExtractionTitle/abstract review, full-text review, and data extraction using a standardized data collection form.Data SynthesisThe Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was used to identify and summarize evidence and develop recommendations. Twenty-five studies were identified for full-text extraction. Five clinical practice recommendations were generated, related to neuromuscular blockade, nutrition, fluid management, and transfusion. Thirteen good practice statements were generated on the use of sedation, iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome, delirium, sleep management, rehabilitation, and additional information on neuromuscular blockade and nutrition. Three research statements were generated to promote further investigation in nonpulmonary therapies for PARDS.ConclusionsThese recommendations and statements about nonpulmonary treatments in PARDS are intended to promote optimization and consistency of care for patients with PARDS and identify areas of uncertainty requiring further investigation.Copyright © 2023 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies.

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