• Nadir Yehya, Lincoln Smith, Neal J Thomas, Katherine M Steffen, Jerry Zimmerman, Jan Hau Lee, Simon J Erickson, Steven L Shein, and Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC-2) of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network.
• Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2023 Feb 1; 24 (12 Suppl 2): S87S98S87-S98.

ObjectivesIn 2015, the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC) provided the first pediatric-specific definitions for acute respiratory distress syndrome (pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome [PARDS]). These definitions have since been operationalized in cohort and interventional PARDS studies. As substantial data have accrued since 2015, we have an opportunity to assess the construct validity and utility of the initial PALICC definitions. Therefore, the Second PALICC (PALICC-2) brought together multiple PARDS experts and aimed to identify and summarize relevant evidence related to the definition and epidemiology of PARDS and create modifications to the definition of PARDS.Data SourcesMEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), and CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost).Study SelectionWe included studies of subjects with PARDS, or at risk for PARDS, excluding studies pertaining primarily to adults except as specified for identifying age-specific cutoffs.Data ExtractionTitle/abstract review, full-text review, and data extraction using a standardized data collection form.Data SynthesisThe Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was used to identify and summarize evidence and develop recommendations. A total of 97 studies were identified for full-text extraction addressing distinct aspects of the PARDS definition, including age, timing, imaging, oxygenation, modes of respiratory support, and specific coexisting conditions. Data were assessed in a Patient/Intervention/Comparator/Outcome format when possible, and formally summarized for effect size, risk, benefit, feasibility of implementation, and equity. A total of 17 consensus-based definition statements were made that update the definition of PARDS, as well as the related diagnoses of "Possible PARDS" and "At-Risk for PARDS." These statements are presented alongside a summary of the relevant epidemiology.ConclusionsWe present updated, data-informed consensus statements on the definition for PARDS and the related diagnoses of "Possible PARDS" and "At-Risk for PARDS."Copyright © 2023 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies.

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