• Junhui Wang, Yan Wang, and Xiaoling Che.
• Department of Radiation Oncology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, RD. Minjiang, Dist. Kecheng. Quzhou, Zhejiang, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Jan 27; 102 (4): e32644e32644.

RationalePseudoprogression has been deemed as a rare clinical phenomenon during the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced cancers, especially in periampullary carcinoma, however, leaving potential molecular mechanism remain unknown.Patient ConcernsRegular examination after radical pancreaticoduodenectomy because of periampullary carcinoma.DiagnosesRecurrent periampullary carcinoma with metastasis in liver.InterventionsRegimens of XELOX (oxaliplatin at a dose of 130 mg/m2, day 1 and oral capecitabine at a dose of 1000 mg/m2 twice a day, day 1-14, every 21 days), and tislelizumab at a dose of 200 mg, day 1, per 21 days, was prescribed as palliative treatment.OutcomesPseudoprogression and symptom of hair and mustache repigmentation were also observed, which resulted in partial response finally.LessonsResults of the present case suggested that pseudoprogression, along with hair and mustache repigmentation, possibly caused by anti-PD-1 inhibitors, may also happen in patients with periampullary carcinoma, which should be paid attention to. The potential mechanism should be further investigated.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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