• Tomohito Mukaihata, Satoshi Maki, Yawara Eguchi, Kim Geundong, Junpei Shoda, Hajime Yokota, Sumihisa Orita, Yasuhiro Shiga, Kazuhide Inage, Takeo Furuya, and Seiji Ohtori.
• Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
• Spine. 2023 Feb 15; 48 (4): 288294288-294.

Study DesignA retrospective analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ObjectiveThe study aimed to evaluate the performance of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to differentiate spinal pyogenic spondylitis from Modic change on MRI. We compared the performance of CNN to that of four clinicians.Summary Of Background DataDiscrimination between pyogenic spondylitis and spinal Modic change is crucial in clinical practice. CNN deep-learning approaches for medical imaging are being increasingly utilized.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed MRIs from pyogenic spondylitis and spinal Modic change patients. There were 50 patients per group. Sagittal T1-weighted (T1WI), sagittal T2-weighted (T2WI), and short TI inversion recovery (STIR) MRIs were used for CNN training and validation. The deep learning framework Tensorflow was used to construct the CNN architecture. To evaluate CNN performance, we plotted the receiver operating characteristic curve and calculated the area under the curve. We compared the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of CNN diagnosis to that of a radiologist, spine surgeon, and two orthopedic surgeons.ResultsThe CNN-based area under the curves of the receiver operating characteristic curve from the T1WI, T2WI, and STIR were 0.95, 0.94, and 0.95, respectively. The accuracy of the CNN was significantly greater than that of the four clinicians on T1WI and STIR (P<0.05), and better than a radiologist and one orthopedic surgeon on the T2WI (P<0.05). The sensitivity was significantly better than that of the four clincians on T1WI and STIR (P<0.05), and better than a radiologist and one orthopedic surgeon on the T2WI (P<0.05). The specificity was significantly better than one orthopedic surgeon on T1WI and T2WI (P<0.05) and better than both orthopedic surgeons on STIR (P<0.05).ConclusionWe differentiated between Modic changes and pyogenic spondylitis using a CNN that interprets MRI. The performance of the CNN was comparable to, or better than, that of the four clinicians.Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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