• Sara Keshavjee, Naheed K Jivraj, Ambika Tejpal, and Michael C Sklar.
• Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
• Brit J Hosp Med. 2023 Jan 2; 84 (1): 1101-10.

AbstractOptimisation of oxygenation strategies in patients with hypoxaemic respiratory failure is a top priority for acute care physicians, as hypoxaemic respiratory failure is one of the leading causes of admission. Various oxygenation methods range from non-invasive face masks to high flow nasal cannulae, which have advantages and disadvantages for this heterogeneous patient group. Focus has turned toward examining the benefits of non-invasive ventilation, as this was heavily researched in resource-limited settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. The oxygenation strategy should be determined on an individualised basis for patients, and with new evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic, providers may now consider placing further emphasis on non-invasive approaches. As non-invasive ventilation continues to be used in increasing frequency, new methods of monitoring patient response, including when to escalate ventilation strategy, will need to be validated.

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