• Mary Gaugler, Nathan Swinger, April L Rahrig, Jodi Skiles, and Courtney M Rowan.
• Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2023 Apr 1; 24 (4): e170e178e170-e178.

ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and critical care utilization in children and young adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who have not undergone hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).DesignRetrospective cohort study of MODS (defined as dysfunction of two or more organ systems) occurring any day within the first 72 hours of PICU admission.SettingLarge, quaternary-care children's hospital.PatientsPatients 1 month through 26 years old who were treated for AML from 2011-2019.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsEighty patients with AML were included. These 80 patients had a total of 409 total non-HCT-related hospital and 71 PICU admissions. The majority 53 of 71 of PICU admissions (75%) were associated with MODS within the first 72 hours. MODS was present in 49 of 71 of PICU admissions (69%) on day 1, 29 of 52 (56%) on day 2, and 25 of 32 (78%) on day 3. The organ systems most often involved were hematologic, respiratory, and cardiovascular. There was an increasing proportion of renal failure (8/71 [11%] on day 1 to 8/32 [25%] on day 3; p = 0.02) and respiratory failure (33/71 [47%] to 24/32 [75%]; p = 0.001) as PICU stay progressed. The presence of MODS on day 1 was associated with a longer PICU length of stay (LOS) (β = 5.4 [95% CI, 0.7-10.2]; p = 0.024) and over a six-fold increased risk of an LOS over 2 days (odds ratio, 6.08 [95% CI, 1.59-23.23]; p = 0.008). Respiratory failure on admission was associated with higher risk of increased LOS.ConclusionsAML patients frequently require intensive care. In this cohort, MODS occurred in over half of PICU admissions and was associated with longer PICU LOS. Respiratory failure was associated with the development of MODS and progressive MODS, as well as prolonged LOS.Copyright © 2022 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies.

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