• Julia Abram, Judith Martini, Patrick Spraider, Gabriel Putzer, Manuela Ranalter, Julian Wagner, Bernhard Glodny, Tobias Hell, Tom Barnes, and Dietmar Enk.
• From the Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (JA, JM, PS, GP, MR, JW), Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck (BG), Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (TH), University of Greenwich, London, UK (TB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (DE).
• Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2023 Jul 1; 40 (7): 511520511-520.

BackgroundA continuous gas flow provided by flow-controlled ventilation (FCV) facilitates accurate dynamic compliance measurement and allows the clinician to individually optimise positive end-expiratory and peak pressure settings accordingly.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of gas exchange and impact on haemodynamics between individualised FCV and pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) in a porcine model of oleic acid-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).DesignRandomised controlled interventional trial conducted on 16 pigs.SettingAnimal operating facility at the Medical University Innsbruck.InterventionsARDS was induced in lung healthy pigs by intravenous infusion of oleic acid until moderate-to-severe ARDS at a stable Horowitz quotient (PaO 2 FiO 2-1 ) of 80 to 120 over a period of 30 min was obtained. Ventilation was then either performed with individualised FCV ( n  = 8) established by compliance-guided pressure titration or PCV ( n  = 8) with compliance-guided titration of the positive end-expiratory pressure and peak pressure set to achieve a tidal volume of 6 ml kg -1 over a period of 2 h.Main Outcome MeasuresGas exchange parameters were assessed by the PaO 2 FiO 2-1 quotient and CO 2 removal by the PaCO 2 value in relation to required respiratory minute volume. Required catecholamine support for haemodynamic stabilisation was measured.ResultsThe FCV group showed significantly improved oxygenation [149.2 vs. 110.4, median difference (MD) 38.7 (8.0 to 69.5) PaO 2 FiO 2-1 ; P  = 0.027] and CO 2 removal [PaCO 2 7.25 vs. 9.05, MD -1.8 (-2.87 to -0.72) kPa; P  = 0.006] at a significantly lower respiratory minute volume [8.4 vs. 11.9, MD -3.6 (-5.6 to -1.5) l min -1 ; P  = 0.005] compared with PCV. In addition, in FCV-pigs, haemodynamic stabilisation occurred with a significant reduction of required catecholamine support [norepinephrine 0.26 vs. 0.86, MD -0.61 (-1.12 to -0.09) μg kg -1  min -1 ; P  = 0.037] during 2 ventilation hours.ConclusionIn this oleic acid-induced porcine ARDS model, individualised FCV significantly improved gas exchange and haemodynamic stability compared with PCV.Trial RegistrationProtocol no.: BMBWF-66.011/0105-V/3b/2019).Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.

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