• Alisson Diego Machado, Fernanda Silva Nogueira Dos Anjos, Maria Alice Muniz Domingos, Maria Del Carmen Bisi Molina, MarchioniDirce Maria LoboDML0000-0002-6810-5779PhD. Dietitian and Associate Professor, Department of Nutrition, Faculdade de Saúde Pública (FSP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil., Isabela Judith Martins Benseñor, and Silvia Maria de Oliveira Titan.
• MSc. Dietitian, Department of Nephrology, Hospital das Clínicas (HC), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
• Sao Paulo Med J. 2018 May 1; 136 (3): 208215208-215.

BackgroundDespite evidence that diet is very important in relation to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, studies in this field are scarce and have focused only on some specific nutrients. We evaluated the energy, macronutrient and micronutrient intakes and dietary patterns of non-dialysis CKD participants in the PROGREDIR study.Design And SettingCross-sectional study; CKD cohort, São Paulo, Brazil.MethodsBaseline data on 454 participants in the PROGREDIR study were analyzed. Dietary intake was evaluated through a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived through principal component analysis. Energy and protein intakes were compared with National Kidney Foundation recommendations. Linear regression analysis was performed between energy and nutrient intakes and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and between sociodemographic and clinical variables and dietary patterns.ResultsMedian energy and protein intakes were 25.0 kcal/kg and 1.1 g/kg, respectively. In linear regression, protein intake (β = -3.67; P = 0.07) was related to eGFR. Three dietary patterns (snack, mixed and traditional) were retained. The snack pattern was directly associated with male gender (β = 0.27; P = 0.006) and inversely with diabetes (β = -0.23; P = 0.02). The traditional pattern was directly associated with male gender (β = 0.27; P = 0.007) and schooling (β = 0.40; P < 0.001) and inversely with age (β = -0.01; P = 0.001) and hypertension (β = -0.34; P = 0.05).ConclusionsWe identified low energy and high protein intake in this population. Protein intake was inversely related to eGFR. Dietary patterns were associated with age, gender, schooling level, hypertension and diabetes.

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