• Leonard E Egede, Rebekah J Walker, Jennifer A Campbell, Sebastian Linde, Laura C Hawks, and Kaylin M Burgess.
• Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. legede@mcw.edu.
• J Gen Intern Med. 2023 May 1; 38 (6): 153415371534-1537.

AbstractThere is emerging evidence that structural racism is a major contributor to poor health outcomes for ethnic minorities. Structural racism captures upstream historic racist events (such as slavery, black code, and Jim Crow laws) and more recent state-sanctioned racist laws in the form of redlining. Redlining refers to the practice of systematically denying various services (e.g., credit access) to residents of specific neighborhoods, often based on race/ethnicity and primarily within urban communities. Historical redlining is linked to increased risk of diabetes, hypertension, and early mortality due to heart disease with evidence suggesting it impacts health through suppressing economic opportunity and human capital, or the knowledge, skills, and value one contributes to society. Addressing structural racism has been a rallying call for change in recent years-drawing attention to the racialized impact of historical policies in the USA. Unfortunately, the enormous scope of work has also left people feeling incapable of effecting the very change they seek. This paper highlights a path forward by briefly discussing the origins of historical redlining, highlighting the modern-day consequences both on health and at the societal level, and suggest promising initiatives to address the impact.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Society of General Internal Medicine.

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