• Thomas J McClelland, Thomas Davies, and Zudin Puthucheary.
• William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London.
• Curr Opin Crit Care. 2023 Apr 1; 29 (2): 108113108-113.

Purpose Of ReviewMuscle wasting in critical illness has proven to be refractory to physical rehabilitation, and to conventional nutritional strategies. This presents one of the central challenges to critical care medicine in the 21st century. Novel strategies are needed that facilitate nutritional interventions, identify patients that will benefit and have measurable, relevant benefits.Recent FindingsDrug repurposing was demonstrated to be a powerful technique in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, and may have similar applications to address the metabolic derangements of critical illness. Newer biological signatures may aid the application of these techniques and the association between changes in urea:creatinine ratio and the development of skeletal muscle wasting is increasing. A core outcome set for nutrition interventions in critical illness, supported by multiple international societies, was published earlier this year should be adopted by future nutrition trials aiming to attenuate muscle wasting.SummaryThe evidence base for the lack of efficacy for conventional nutritional strategies in preventing muscle wasting in critically ill patients continues to grow. Novel strategies such as metabolic modulators, patient level biological signatures of nutritional response and standardized outcome for measurements of efficacy will be central to future research and clinical care of the critically ill patient.Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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