• Sarah Louise Gillanders, Alison McHugh, Peter D Lacy, and Mona Thornton.
• Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland. sarahlouisegillanders@rcsi.com.
• Ir J Med Sci. 2023 Dec 1; 192 (6): 303930423039-3042.

BackgroundSimulation is a rapidly developing field in modern undergraduate skills education and postgraduate surgical training.AimWe aim to evaluate simulation training as a tool for higher surgical training in functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) using the Kirkpatrick evaluation model.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study in which a qualitative survey and multiple-choice questionnaire were distributed to otolaryngology trainees pre- and post-FESS training course using simulation models. Participants' reactions and interpretations of the models were assessed. Pre- and post-simulation knowledge and subjective skills were assessed.ResultsA total of 21 trainees completed the course. Trainees reported simulation models to be accurate representations of human anatomy 95% and easy to use 90%. There was an improvement in anatomical 54 to 62% (Z = 76, p0.03) and procedural 65 to 72% (Z = 87, p0.03) knowledge overall.ConclusionSimulation training is an effective method of postgraduate education. This has been particularly useful following reduced operative exposure in the COVID-19 era.© 2023. The Author(s).

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