• KiChang Kang, Anish Sathe, Shreya Mandloi, Jennifer Muller, Glenn Arturo Gonzalez Ozuna, Daniel Franco, Christopher Miller, Ashwini Sharan, Feroze B Mohamed, Scott Faro, Mahdi Alizadeh, and Chengyuan Wu.
• Department of Neurological Surgery, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
• J Neuroimaging. 2023 May 1; 33 (3): 446454446-454.

Background And PurposeSpatial registration is crucial in establishing correspondence between anatomic brain regions for research and clinical purposes. The insular cortex (IC) and gyri (IG) are implicated in various functions and pathologies including epilepsy. Optimizing registration of the insula to a common atlas can improve the accuracy of group-level analyses. Here, we compared six nonlinear, one linear, and one semiautomated registration algorithms (RAs) for registering the IC and IG to the Montreal Neurologic Institute standard space (MNI152).Methods3T images acquired from 20 controls and 20 temporal lobe epilepsy patients with mesial temporal sclerosis underwent automated segmentation of the insula. This was followed by manual segmentation of the entire IC and six individual IGs. Consensus segmentations were created at 75% agreement for IC and IG before undergoing registration to MNI152 space with eight RAs. Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) were calculated between segmentations after registration and the IC and IG in MNI152 space. Statistical analysis involved the Kruskal-Wallace test with Dunn's test for IC and two-way analysis of variance with Tukey's honest significant difference test for IG.ResultsDSCs were significantly different between RAs. Based on multiple pairwise comparisons, we report that certain RAs performed better than others across population groups. Additionally, registration performance differed according to specific IG.ConclusionWe compared different methods for registering the IC and IG to MNI152 space. We found differences in performance between RAs, which suggests that algorithm choice is important factor in analyses involving the insula.© 2023 American Society of Neuroimaging.

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