• Jing He, Wenhua Liu, Xiaoyu Wu, Dingheng Li, and Yuanwei Liu.
• Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Feb 10; 102 (6): e32868e32868.

RationaleLeiomyoma of the vulva is a rare, benign mass that is present on the vulva. Most commonly, they are described as painless, well-circumscribed, solitary tumors that are misdiagnosed as Bartholin cysts before surgery.Patient ConcernsA 45-year-old woman presented with a case of vulvar leiomyoma misdiagnosed as Bartholin cyst preoperatively. A solitary swelling mass measuring 3 cm × 2 cm was found in the left labia majora at the Bartholin gland site on physical examination.DiagnosesA vulvar mass extent and vascularity may be determined by imaging. A color doppler flow imaging of the posterior vaginal wall revealed abundant blood flow.InterventionTo confirm vulvar leiomyoma, surgery and histopathology were performed.OutcomeAfter 2 months of follow-up, there were no signs of recurrence in the patient.LessonsRare vulvar leiomyomas are often mistaken for Bartholin's cysts. It is also difficult to distinguish benign from malignant forms, making vulvar leiomyoma a difficult diagnosis. As there are a few techniques used to differentiate between the nature of the tumor, excisional biopsy seems to be the best current procedure employed in addition to being the treatment of choice for such tumors.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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