• Ting-Yen Kuo, Ming-Chieh Hsieh, Chia-Dan Cheng, Ren-Yeong Huang, Thomas E Van Dyke, Cheng-En Sung, Chen-Ying Wang, Yi-Shing Hsieh, and Wan-Chien Cheng.
• Dental Department, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
• J Formos Med Assoc. 2023 Sep 1; 122 (9): 899910899-910.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of chlorhexidine (CHX) gel on inflammation-induced periodontal tissue destruction, osteoclastogenesis, subgingival microbiota, and on the modulation of the RANKL/OPG as well as inflammatory mediators during bone remodeling in vivo.Materials And MethodsLigation- and LPS injection-induced experimental periodontitis were created to investigate the effect of topical application of CHX gel in vivo. Alveolar bone loss, osteoclast number and gingival inflammation was evaluated by micro-CT, histological, immunohistochemistry and biochemical analysis. The composition of the subgingival microbiota was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsData shows significant decreases in the alveolar bone destruction in rats from ligation-plus-CHX gel group compared to ligation group. In addition, significant decreases in the number of osteoclasts on bone surface and the protein level of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in gingival tissue were observed in rats from ligation-plus-CHX gel group. Moreover, data shows significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased expression of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in gingival tissue from ligation-plus-CHX gel group versus ligation group. Assessment of the subgingival microbiota revealed changes in rats with CHX gel application treatment.ConclusionHX gel presents protective effect on gingival tissue inflammation, osteoclastogenesis, RANKL/OPG expression, inflammatory mediators, and alveolar bone loss in vivo, which may have a translational impact on the adjunctive use in the management of inflammation-induced alveolar bone loss.Copyright © 2023 Formosan Medical Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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