• Zane Randell, Brook Martin, Nathan Hendrickson, Darrel Brodke, Ryan Spiker, Brandon Lawrence, and Nicholas Spina.
• Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
• Spine. 2023 Sep 15; 48 (18): 130013071300-1307.

Study DesignThis was a retrospective cohort study.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to clarify the association between preoperative albumin status and mortality and morbidity in lumbar spine surgery.Summary Of Background DataHypoalbuminemia is a known marker of inflammation and is associated with frailty. Hypoalbuminemia is an identified risk factor for mortality following spine surgery for metastases, yet has not been well studied among spine surgical cohorts outside of metastatic cancer.Materials And MethodsWe identified patients with preoperative serum albumin laboratory values who underwent lumbar spine surgery at a US public university health system between 2014 and 2021. Demographic, comorbidity, and mortality data were collected along with preoperative and postoperative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores. Any cause readmission within 1 year of surgery was recorded. Hypoalbuminemia was defined as <3.5 g/dL in serum. We examined the Kaplan-Meier survival plots based on serum albumin. Multivariable regression models were used to identify the association between preoperative hypoalbuminemia with mortality, readmission, and ODI, while controlling for age, sex, race, ethnicity, procedure, and Charlson Comorbidity Index.ResultsOf 2573 patients, 79 were identified as hypoalbuminemic. Hypoalbuminemic patients had a significantly greater adjusted risk of mortality through 1 year (odds ratio=10.2; 95% CI: 3.1-33.5; P <0.001), and 7 years (hazard ratio=4.18; 95% CI: 2.29-7.65; P <0.001). Hypoalbuminemic patients had ODI scores 13.5 points higher (95% CI: 5.7-21.4; P <0.001) at baseline. Adjusted readmission rates were not different between groups through 1 year (odds ratio=1.15; 95% CI: 0.5-2.62; P =0.75) or through full surveillance (hazard ratio=0.82; 95% CI: 0.44-1.54; P =0.54).ConclusionsPreoperative hypoalbuminemia was strongly associated with postoperative mortality. Hypoalbuminemic patients did not have demonstrably worse outcomes in their functional disability beyond 6 months. Within the first 6 months following surgery, the hypoalbuminemic group improved at a similar rate to the normoalbuminemic group despite having a greater preoperative disability. However, causal inference is limited in this retrospective study.Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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