• Zhifang Li, Guiju Zhou, Shuqiang Duan, and Qing Li.
• Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Mar 17; 102 (11): e33285e33285.

RationalePrimary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the rectovaginal septum is a very rare event.Patient ConcernsWe reported a case of a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with a lump in the vaginal rectal septum after undergoing hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in 2017, who was admitted to our department due to vaginal bleeding. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis indicated the vaginal rectal space cystic and solid mass about 110 mm × 100 mm × 140 mm in size.DiagnosisThe pathological diagnosis of postoperative was clear cell adenocarcinoma.InterventionsAbdominal laparotomy showed a solid block of the vaginal rectal septum. Surgery was performed to reduce the tumor.OutcomesThis patient received 8 courses of combined chemotherapy courses after surgery for the residual lesion and achieved a complete response.LessonsDue to the rare observation of the growth pattern, the cell morphology and immune phenotype are not specific, and clinical and pathological diagnosis is difficult. Introducing the diagnosis and treatment of this case and reviewing the literature provide a relevant reference for clinicians identification and diagnosis and treatment of this rare case.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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