• Bojana Gutic, Tatjana Bozanovic, Aljosa Mandic, Stefan Dugalic, Jovana Todorovic, Dejana Stanisavljevic, Miroslava Gojnic Dugalic, Demet Sengul, Dzenana A Detanac, Ilker Sengul, Dzemail Detanac, and José Maria Soares.
• Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine University Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
• Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2023 Jan 1; 78: 100177100177.

AbstractProgrammed Cell Death-1 (PCD-1) is a key immune checkpoint receptor, which mainly expresses on activated T, B, Dendritic (DC), Natural Killer (NK), and Treg cells. On the surface of activated T-cells, PCD-1 expression is upregulated after the recognition of peripherals antigens by T cells; subsequently, the elevated binding of PD-1 to Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) and Programmed Death Ligand-2 (PD-L2) becomes a key step for downstream inhibitory signaling. Although the role of PD-L1 has been evaluated more thoroughly by clinical research, and PD-L1 has also been used more widely in the clinical setting, PD-L2 also plays an important role in the negative regulation of T-cells, one of the necessary conditions that lead to immune tolerance. Expression of PD-L1 either in tumors or in infiltrating immune cells has been verified predominantly by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a variety of tumors, suggesting a role for the PD-1/PD-L1 axis as a prognostic trait and therapeutic target across multiple histotypes. The complex interplay between these factors plays a major role in the diffusion and clinical application of PD-L1 IHC assays as predictive biomarkers of response to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Checkpoint blockades are registered for the treatment of various cancers, including gynecological malignancies.Copyright © 2023 HCFMUSP. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

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