• Jennifer Jewiss, Lisa W Natkin, Kelly Clark/Keefe, Abigail Crocker, and Julie A Welkowitz.
• Department of Education, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States.
• Fam Pract. 2023 Dec 22; 40 (5-6): 768775768-775.

BackgroundIntegrating behavioural health care into primary care practices may increase patients' access to behavioural health services and improve health outcomes. However, few studies have explored factors that influence integration processes.ObjectiveWe sought to better understand contextual factors that support or impede behavioural health integration in primary care practices.MethodsWe conducted 71 semi-structured interviews with providers, staff, and leaders from eight primary care practices in the United States with integrated behavioural health services, which were participating in a randomized control, pragmatic trial: Integrating Behavioural Health and Primary Care. Practices were selected for diversity on geographic location, size, ownership, and experience with integration. We conducted a thematic analysis of the qualitative data derived from the interviews.ResultsWe identified four categories of contextual factors influencing behavioural health integration: leadership commitment to integration, financial considerations, workflow and communication systems, and providers' perspectives on integration and team-based healthcare. Supportive factors included leaders' commitment to integration, adequate staffing, customized communication and workflow systems, collaborative practice culture, and healthy working relationships amongst providers. Impediments included staffing issues and payment models that do not reimburse for activities required to support integrated care.ConclusionInterviewees described various benefits of integration, including providers feeling better equipped to address patients' needs due to collaboration between medical and behavioural providers and resulting interdisciplinary learning. Given concerns about provider burnout, this finding warrants further study.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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