• Xiao-Wei Yang, Gui-Chao Zhou, Zhi-Sheng Long, Fei-Peng Gong, and Gang Chen.
• Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Mar 24; 102 (12): e33307e33307.

RationalePlasmacytoma is a rare plasma cell dyscrasia that grows within the axial skeleton or soft tissue structures as solitary or multiple masses. The primary types are solitary plasmacytoma, including solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) and solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma, and multiple solitary plasmacytomas. SBP is characterized by localized proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells and is rare. However, SBP with chronic osteomyelitis is even rarer.Patient ConcernsA 47-year-old man previously diagnosed with chronic osteomyelitis presented with repeated discharge and ulceration in the front of his right tibia.Diagnosis, Interventions And OutcomesLower extremity magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) examinations showed dead bone formation and surrounding inflammatory edema. Thus, the patient underwent dead bone excision and fenestration of the bone marrow cavity. The histopathologic examination results indicated plasmacytoma. Therefore, we administered radiotherapy with satisfactory results.LessonsPhysicians should pay close attention to chronic osteomyelitis because it may be accompanied by plasmacytoma. Postoperative pathological and immunohistochemical examinations are crucial, and surgical resection of the lesion and local radiotherapy are effective treatment methods.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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