• Gianni Testino, Luigi C Bottaro, Enzo Andorno, Fabio Bandini, Patrizia Balbinot, Sabrina Beltramini, Simona Bottino, Marta Caltabellotta, Fabio Caputo, Enrica Caviglia, Pierfrancesco Curone, Antonio DI Biagio, Carmelo Gagliano, Nicoletta Gandolfo, Luca Pestarino, Alessandro Rollero, Emanuele Romairone, Lorenzo Sampietro, Enrico Torre, Silvia Zuccarelli, and Rinaldo Pellicano.
• Addiction and Hepatology Unit/Alcohological Regional Centre and Study Centre "Self Help, Community Program and Caregiver Training" ASL3, Genoa, Italy - gianni.testino@asl3.liguria.it.
• Minerva Med. 2023 Oct 1; 114 (5): 698718698-718.

AbstractHepatic encephalophathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome with a prevalence in the cirrhotic population ranging from 20 to 80%. HE is a cause of inappropriate hospitalization, caregiver burdening and increased social costs. There is need to create dedicated care pathways to better manage patients and support family caregivers. The data used for the preparation of this diagnostic therapeutic assistance path (DTAP) are based on a detailed analysis of the scientific literature published before June 30, 2022 (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar). Furthermore, in the process of developing this work, we consulted in particular the guidelines/ position papers of International Society for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism (ISHEN), Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF), European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), Italian Society on Alcohol (Società Italiana di Alcologia [SIA]) and other relevant papers. DTAP was created based on the most recent recommendations of the international scientific literature. The present DTAP highlight the need for a multidisciplinary activity integrated with territorial medicine in close connection with caregivers. This guarantees improved therapeutic adherence, hospital readmission reduction, improved quality of life for patients and caregivers and a significant reduction in costs.

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