• Ching-Jow Hsieh, Jeng-Min Chiou, Ta-Fu Chen, Yen-Ching Chen, and Jen-Hau Chen.
• Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taoyuan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
• J Formos Med Assoc. 2023 Aug 1; 122 (8): 790799790-799.

Background/Purpose: This study aimed to explore the association of subclinical depressive symptoms and sleep with cognition in community-dwelling Taiwanese older adults.MethodsThis four-year prospective cohort study (2015-2019) included 379 participants aged 65 years or older from the annual senior health checkup program at National Taiwan University Hospital who were followed up two years later. Global and domain cognitive functions were assessed using validated neuropsychological tests. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Excessive daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Generalized linear mixed models were used to explore the associations of subclinical depressive symptoms and sleep variables with cognition, adjusting for important covariates. Stratification analyses were performed using the sleep variables.ResultsOver time, depressive symptoms were associated with poor performance of memory (βˆ = 0.24, P = 0.04) and executive function (βˆ = -0.24, P = 0.03). Poor sleep quality (elevated PSQI score) was associated with poor memory performance (βˆ = -0.04 to -0.03, P < 0.05). Excessive daytime sleepiness (elevated ESS score) was associated with poor performance of memory (βˆ = -0.02, P < 0.05) and executive function (βˆ = -0.02, P = 0.001). At baseline, better sleep quality and no excessive daytime sleepiness were associated with better memory performance over time.ConclusionSubclinical depressive symptoms, worse sleep quality, and excessive daytime sleepiness were differentially associated with impairment of cognitive domains (mainly memory and executive function).Copyright © 2023 Formosan Medical Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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