• Ramez N Eskander, Michael W Sill, Lindsey Beffa, Richard G Moore, Joanie M Hope, Fernanda B Musa, Robert Mannel, Mark S Shahin, Guilherme H Cantuaria, Eugenia Girda, Cara Mathews, Juraj Kavecansky, Charles A Leath, Lilian T Gien, Emily M Hinchcliff, Shashikant B Lele, Lisa M Landrum, Floor Backes, Roisin E O'Cearbhaill, Tareq Al Baghdadi, Emily K Hill, Premal H Thaker, Veena S John, Stephen Welch, Amanda N Fader, Matthew A Powell, and Carol Aghajanian.
• From the Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, Rebecca and John Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (R.N.E.), and the Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP), Antioch Medical Center, Antioch (J.K.) - both in California; the Clinical Trial Development Division, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (M.W.S., S.B.L.), the Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester (R.G.M.), the Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and the Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (R.E.O., C.A.), and the Northwell Health Cancer Institute, New Hyde Park (V.S.J.) - all in New York; the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (L.B.), and Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus (F.B.); the Pacific Cancer Research Consortium, NCORP, Alaska Women's Cancer Care, and Providence Alaska Cancer Center, Anchorage (J.M.H.); the Pacific Cancer Research Consortium, NCORP, Swedish Medical Center-First Hill, Seattle (F.B.M.); the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (R.M.); Jefferson Abington Hospital, Asplundh Cancer Pavilion of Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Willow Grove, PA (M.S.S.); Georgia NCORP, Atlanta (G.H.C.); Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (E.G.); Women and Infants Hospital, Legoretta Cancer Center, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.M.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham-Deep South Research Consortium, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Hospital, Birmingham (C.A.L.); Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (L.T.G.), and the London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON (S.W.) - both in Canada; Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago (E.M.H.); the Indiana University Health Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis (L.M.L.); the Michigan Cancer Research Consortium, NCORP, Trinity Health IHA Medical Group, Ypsilanti (T.A.B.); the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (E.K.H.); the Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (P.H.T., M.A.P.); and the Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (A.N.F.).
• N. Engl. J. Med. 2023 Jun 8; 388 (23): 215921702159-2170.

BackgroundStandard first-line chemotherapy for endometrial cancer is paclitaxel plus carboplatin. The benefit of adding pembrolizumab to chemotherapy remains unclear.MethodsIn this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, phase 3 trial, we assigned 816 patients with measurable disease (stage III or IVA) or stage IVB or recurrent endometrial cancer in a 1:1 ratio to receive pembrolizumab or placebo along with combination therapy with paclitaxel plus carboplatin. The administration of pembrolizumab or placebo was planned in 6 cycles every 3 weeks, followed by up to 14 maintenance cycles every 6 weeks. The patients were stratified into two cohorts according to whether they had mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) or mismatch repair-proficient (pMMR) disease. Previous adjuvant chemotherapy was permitted if the treatment-free interval was at least 12 months. The primary outcome was progression-free survival in the two cohorts. Interim analyses were scheduled to be triggered after the occurrence of at least 84 events of death or progression in the dMMR cohort and at least 196 events in the pMMR cohort.ResultsIn the 12-month analysis, Kaplan-Meier estimates of progression-free survival in the dMMR cohort were 74% in the pembrolizumab group and 38% in the placebo group (hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19 to 0.48; P<0.001), a 70% difference in relative risk. In the pMMR cohort, median progression-free survival was 13.1 months with pembrolizumab and 8.7 months with placebo (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.71; P<0.001). Adverse events were as expected for pembrolizumab and combination chemotherapy.ConclusionsIn patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer, the addition of pembrolizumab to standard chemotherapy resulted in significantly longer progression-free survival than with chemotherapy alone. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute and others; NRG-GY018 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03914612.).Copyright © 2023 Massachusetts Medical Society.

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