• Leah K Winer, Sarah Kader, Jonathan S Abelson, Austin C Hammaker, Chukwuma N Eruchalu, James C Etheridge, Nancy L Cho, Darci C Foote, Felicia A Ivascu, Savannah Smith, Lauren M Postlewait, Kathriena Greenwell, Katherine M Meister, Kelsey B Montgomery, Polina Zmijewski, Samuel E Byrd, Mary K Kimbrough, Stephen J Stopenski, Jeffry T Nahmias, Jalen Harvey, Deborah Farr, Zachary M Callahan, Joshua A Marks, Christopher C Stahl, Al YafiMotazMDepartment of Surgery, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH., Jeffrey M Sutton, Ali Elsaadi, Samuel J Campbell, DodwadShah-Jahan MSMDepartment of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX., Sasha D Adams, Matthew R Woeste, MartinRobert C GRCGDepartment of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY., Purvi Patel, Michael J Anstadt, Bilal Waqar Nasim, Ross E Willis, Jitesh A Patel, Melisa R Newcomb, Brian C George, Ralph C Quillin, and Alexander R Cortez.
• Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Research on Education in Surgical Training (CREST), University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
• Ann. Surg. 2023 Jul 1; 278 (1): 171-7.

ObjectiveTo examine differences in resident operative experience between male and female general surgery residents.BackgroundDespite increasing female representation in surgery, sex and gender disparities in residency experience continue to exist. The operative volume of male and female general surgery residents has not been compared on a multi-institutional level.MethodsDemographic characteristics and case logs were obtained for categorical general surgery graduates between 2010 and 2020 from the US Resident OPerative Experience Consortium database. Univariable, multivariable, and linear regression analyses were performed to compare differences in operative experience between male and female residents.ResultsThere were 1343 graduates from 20 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited programs, and 476 (35%) were females. There were no differences in age, race/ethnicity, or proportion pursuing fellowship between groups. Female graduates were less likely to be high-volume residents (27% vs 36%, P < 0.01). On univariable analysis, female graduates performed fewer total cases than male graduates (1140 vs 1177, P < 0.01), largely due to a diminished surgeon junior experience (829 vs 863, P < 0.01). On adjusted multivariable analysis, female sex was negatively associated with being a high-volume resident (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.98, P = 0.03). Over the 11-year study period, the annual total number of cases increased significantly for both groups, but female graduates (+16 cases/year) outpaced male graduates (+13 cases/year, P = 0.02).ConclusionsFemale general surgery graduates performed significantly fewer cases than male graduates. Reassuringly, this gap in operative experience may be narrowing. Further interventions are warranted to promote equitable training opportunities that support and engage female residents.Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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