• Aidan M Kirkham, Jasmine Candeliere, Daniel I McIsaac, Henry T Stelfox, Luc Dubois, Heather L Gill, Timothy Brandys, Sudhir K Nagpal, and Derek J Roberts.
• School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
• Ann. Surg. 2023 Sep 1; 278 (3): e447e456e447-e456.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of strategies intended to prevent surgical site infection (SSI) after lower limb revascularization surgery.BackgroundSSIs are common, costly complications of lower limb revascularization surgery associated with significant morbidity and mortality.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews (inception to April 28, 2022). Two investigators independently screened abstracts and full-text articles, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated strategies intended to prevent SSI after lower limb revascularization surgery for peripheral artery disease. We used random-effects models to pool data and GRADE to assess certainty.ResultsAmong 6258 identified citations, we included 26 RCTs (n=4752 patients) that evaluated 12 strategies to prevent SSI. Preincision antibiotics [risk ratio (RR)=0.25; 95% CI, 0.11-0.57; n=4 studies; I2 statistic=7.1%; high certainty] and incisional negative-pressure wound therapy (iNPWT) (RR=0.54; 95% CI, 0.38-0.78; n=5 studies; I2 statistic=7.2%; high certainty) reduced pooled risk of early (≤30 days) SSI. iNPWT also reduced the risk of longer-term (>30 days) SSI (pooled-RR=0.44; 95% CI, 0.26-0.73; n=2 studies; I2 =0%; low certainty). Strategies with uncertain effects on risk of SSI included preincision ultrasound vein mapping (RR=0.58; 95% CI, 0.33-1.01; n=1 study); transverse groin incisions (RR=0.33; 95% CI, 0.097-1.15; n=1 study), antibiotic-bonded prosthetic bypass grafts (RR=0.74; 95% CI, 0.44-1.25; n=1 study; n=257 patients), and postoperative oxygen administration (RR=0.66; 95% CI, 0.42-1.03; n=1 study) (low certainty for all).ConclusionsPreincision antibiotics and iNPWT reduce the risk of early SSI after lower limb revascularization surgery. Confirmatory trials are required to determine whether other promising strategies also reduce SSI risk.Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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