• César Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, Ricardo Ortega-Santiago, Ana I De-la-Llave-Rincón, Joshua A Cleland, Juan A Pareja, Homid Fahandezh-Saddi-Díaz, and José L Arias-Buría.
• Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.
• Eur J Pain. 2023 Aug 1; 27 (7): 860870860-870.

ObjectiveThe aim of this clinical trial was to compare the outcomes of the application of ultrasound-guided percutaneous nerve stimulation (PENS) targeting the median nerve versus surgery for improving pain and function in women with CTS.MethodsIn this randomized parallel-group trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04246216), 70 women with CTS were randomly allocated to either PENS (n = 35) or surgery (n = 35) group. Hand pain intensity (mean pain and the worst pain experienced) was the primary outcome. Functional status and symptoms severity (Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire, BCTQ) and self-perceived improvement (Global Rating of Change, GROC) were the secondary outcomes. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after each intervention. Analysis was performed with intention to treat with mixed ANCOVAs adjusted for baseline outcomes.ResultsAnalyses showed an adjusted advantage for PENS at 1 (Δ -2.0, 95% CI -2.9 to -1.1) and 3 (Δ -1.4, 95% CI -2.3 to -0.5) months for mean pain, at 1 (Δ -2.2, 95% CI -3.3 to -1.1), 3 (Δ -1.75, 95% CI -2.9 to -0.6) and 6 (Δ -1.7, 95% CI -2.8 to -0.6) months in the worst pain intensity, and at 1 (Δ -0.95, 95% CI -1.1 to -0.8), 3 (Δ -0.55, 95% CI -0.8 to -0.3) and 6 (Δ -0.4, 95% CI -0.6 to -0.8) months in function. Both groups exhibited similar changes in symptom severity. Both groups reported similar improvement at 12 months in all outcomes. Symptoms and function improved in both groups, with PENS leading to better short-term outcomes than surgery.ConclusionThis clinical trial confirms that PENS applied with current understanding of pain mechanisms in CTS is as useful as surgery in women with CTS without denervation. The potential placebo effect of both interventions should not be ignored.SignificanceThe application of percutaneous nerve stimulation was more effective at short-term, but similar effective at mid and long-term, than surgery in women with carpal tunnel syndrome.© 2023 The Authors. European Journal of Pain published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Pain Federation - EFIC ®.

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