• Yuhui Wang, Ge Zhang, and Jinggang Ding.
• Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Mar 31; 102 (13): e33412e33412.

RationaleImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease with an increased risk of bleeding. However, in recent years, it has been reported that patients with this hemorrhagic disease have the risk of thrombosis and embolism.Patient Concerns And DiagnosisThe patient, in this case, was a young female who was diagnosed with ITP. When the platelet count was low, she had skin, mucosa, internal organs, and intracranial hemorrhage. In the process of ITP and hemostatic treatment, superior sagittal sinus thrombosis occurred when she was still bleeding.InterventionsShe was given treatments for reducing intracranial pressure and controlling epilepsy.OutcomesAnd then the embolectomy operation failed. It was suggested in this case that ITP patients with severe thrombocytopenia and bleeding tendency also have a risk of having thrombotic disease. We reviewed literatures regarding the mechanism of the simultaneous occurrence of 2 antinomy diseases and cerebral venous thrombosis.LessonsThere are many factors for ITP patients to have thrombosis involving ITP itself, its treatment and the patients' constitution, medical history, and former medication. ITP is not only a hemorrhagic disease but also a thrombotic disease. Clinicians should be alert to the risk of thrombotic diseases in ITP treatment. Therefore thrombus monitoring and screening should be carried out, and early prevention or appropriate anticoagulant treatment should be selected, especially for patients with high risk.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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