• Eun-Jung Kim, Cheul-Hong Kim, Ji-Young Yoon, Gyeong-Jo Byeon, Hee Young Kim, and Eun-Ji Choi.
• Department of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
• BMC Anesthesiol. 2023 Apr 22; 23 (1): 132132.

BackgroundRemimazolam is a recently approved, ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine. However, few studies have investigated remimazolam in relation to postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This study aimed to compare the effects of remimazolam and propofol on PONV in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery.MethodsPatients (n = 206) aged 19-65 years who were scheduled for oral and maxillofacial surgery were randomized into two groups, the remimazolam (R) and propofol group (P). In the R group (n = 94), remimazolam was used to induce anesthesia at 12 mg/kg/h and to maintain anesthesia at 1-2 mg/kg/h. In the P group (n = 95), anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol (target effect-site concentration: 3-5 µg/ml). In both groups, remifentanil was administered at a target effect-site concentration of 2.5-4 ng/ml. The primary outcome was the overall incidence of PONV during the first 24 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes included the severity of nausea, use of rescue antiemetics, severity of postoperative pain, use of rescue analgesia, and quality of recovery.ResultsThe incidence of PONV during the first 24 h after surgery was 11.7% and 10.5% in the R group and P group, respectively, and there was no significant difference in the severity of nausea (P > 0.05). Ten patients in the R group and ten patients in the P group required rescue antiemetics during the first 24 h after surgery (P = 0.98). No inter-group differences were observed in terms of postoperative pain score, use of rescue analgesia, and quality of recovery (P > 0.05).ConclusionsIn this study, remimazolam did not increase the incidence and severity of PONV compared with propofol.Trial RegistrationKCT0006965, Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), Republic of Korea. Registration date: 26/01/2022.© 2023. The Author(s).

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