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Insomnia, Poor Sleep Quality and Sleep Duration and Risk for COVID-19 Infection and Hospitalization.
- Stuart F Quan, Matthew D Weaver, Mark É Czeisler, Laura K Barger, Lauren A Booker, Mark E Howard, Melinda L Jackson, Rashon I Lane, Christine F McDonald, Anna Ridgers, Rebecca Robbins, Prerna Varma, Joshua F Wiley, RajaratnamShantha M WSMWDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Division of Sleep Medicine; School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victor, and Charles A Czeisler.
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Division of Sleep Medicine. Electronic address: Stuart_Quan@hms.harvard.edu.
- Am. J. Med. 2023 Aug 1; 136 (8): 780788.e5780-788.e5.
BackgroundMedical comorbidities increase the risk of severe acute COVID-19 illness. Although sleep problems are common after COVID-19 infection, it is unclear whether insomnia, poor sleep quality, and extremely long or short sleep increase risk of developing COVID-19 infection or hospitalization.MethodsThe study used a cross-sectional survey of a diverse sample of 19,926 US adults.ResultsCOVID-19 infection and hospitalization prevalence rates were 40.1% and 2.9%, respectively. Insomnia and poor sleep quality were reported in 19.8% and 40.1%, respectively. In logistic regression models adjusted for comorbid medical conditions and sleep duration but excluding participants who reported COVID-19-associated sleep problems, poor sleep quality, but not insomnia, was associated with COVID-19 infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07-1.26) and COVID-19 hospitalization (aOR 1.50; 95% CI, 1.18-1.91). In comparison with habitual sleep duration of 7-8 hours, sleep durations <7 hours (aOR 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06-1.23) and sleep duration of 12 hours (aOR 1.61; 95% CI, 1.12-2.31) were associated with increased odds of COVID-19 infection. Overall, the relationship between COVID-19 infection and hours of sleep followed a quadratic (U-shaped) pattern. No association between sleep duration and COVID-19 hospitalization was observed.ConclusionIn a general population sample, poor sleep quality and extremes of sleep duration are associated with greater odds of having had a COVID-19 infection; poor sleep quality was associated with an increased requirement of hospitalization for severe COVID-19 illness. These observations suggest that inclusion of healthy sleep practices in public health messaging may reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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