• Yazhi Deng, Xiaobo Zhang, Lei Wang, Xuelin Lu, Yunchun Gao, Zhenkai Wu, and Zhenzhen Zhong.
• Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Apr 21; 102 (16): e33499e33499.

RationaleParaneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNSs) are a group of neurological diseases caused by distant immune effects of malignant tumors, which often occur in patients with small cell lung cancer but are not prone to occur in patients with thyroid cancer. Anti-Sry-like high mobility group box (SOX)1 antibodies (abs)-associated PNSs caused by thyroid cancer are clinically rarer.Patient ConcernsA 57-year-old Chinese male patient presented with autonomic neuropathy. A thyroid biopsy revealed the diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. The serum anti-SOX1 abs confirmed positive.DiagnosesA diagnosis of anti-SOX1 antibodies-positive PNS was made.InterventionsThe patient received total thyroidectomy.OutcomesAfter total thyroidectomy, the patient's symptoms resolved quickly, and the serum anti-SOX1 abs test results was negative on re-examination.LessonsThyroid cancer can cause anti-SOX1 abs-associated PNS with only autonomic neuropathy.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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