• Antal P Oldenhof, J Marleen Linde, Ilse Hofmeester, Martijn G Steffens, Francis J Kloosterman-Eijgenraam, and Marco H Blanker.
• Department of Urology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands.
• Eur J Gen Pract. 2023 Dec 1; 29 (1): 21497312149731.

BackgroundIn the Netherlands, parents of children with daytime urinary incontinence (UI) first consult general practitioners (GPs). However, GPs need more specific guidelines for daytime UI management, resulting in care and referral decisions being made without clear guidance.ObjectivesWe aimed to identify Dutch GP considerations when treating and referring a child with daytime UI.MethodsWe invited GPs who referred at least one child aged 4-18 years with daytime UI to secondary care. They were asked to complete a questionnaire about the referred child and the management of daytime UI in general.ResultsOf 244 distributed questionnaires, 118 (48.4%) were returned by 94 GPs. Most reported taking a history and performing basic diagnostic tests like urine tests (61.0%) and physical examinations (49.2%) before referral. Treatment mostly involved lifestyle advice, with only 17.8% starting medication. Referrals were usually at the explicit wish of the child/parent (44.9%) or because of symptom persistence despite treatment (39.0%). GPs usually referred children to a paediatrician (n = 99, 83.9%), only referring to a urologist in specific situations. Almost half (41.4%) of the GPs did not feel competent to treat children with daytime UI and more than half (55.7%) wanted a clinical practice guideline. In the discussion, we explore the generalisability of our findings to other countries.ConclusionGPs usually refer children with daytime UI to a paediatrician after a basic diagnostic assessment, usually without offering treatment. Parental or child demand is the primary stimulus for referral.

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