• Pain Manag Nurs · Aug 2023

    Pain Assessment Disparities by Race, Ethnicity, and Language in Adult Hospitalized Patients.

    • Aksharananda Rambachan, Hamedullah Noorulhuda, Margaret C Fang, Marilyn Bazinski, Solmaz Manuel, Colin Hubbard, and Priya Prasad.
    • Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California. Electronic address: aksharananda.rambachan@ucsf.edu.
    • Pain Manag Nurs. 2023 Aug 1; 24 (4): 393399393-399.

    AimNurses assess patients' pain using several validated tools. It is not known what disparities exist in pain assessment for medicine inpatients. Our purpose was to measure differences in pain assessment across patient characteristics, including race, ethnicity, and language status.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of adult general medicine inpatients from 2013 to 2021. The primary exposures were race/ethnicity and limited English proficiency (LEP) status. The primary outcomes were 1) the type and odds of which pain assessment tool nursing used and 2) the relationship between pain assessments and daily opioid administration.ResultsOf 51,602 patient hospitalizations, 46.1% were white, 17.4% Black, 16.5% Asian, and 13.2% Latino. 13.2% of patients had LEP. The most common pain assessment tool was the Numeric Rating Scale (68.1%), followed by the Verbal Descriptor Scale (23.7%). Asian patients and patients with LEP were less likely to have their pain documented numerically. In multivariable logistic regression, patients with LEP (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.58-0.65) and Asian patients (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.70-0.78) had the lowest odds of numeric ratings. Latino, Multi-Racial, and patients classified as Other also had lower odds than white patients of numeric ratings. Asian patients and patients with LEP received the fewest daily opioids across all pain assessment categories.ConclusionsAsian patients and patients with LEP were less likely than other patient groups to have a numeric pain assessment and received the fewest opioids. These inequities may serve as the basis for the development of equitable pain assessment protocols.Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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