• Tessa A Harland, Julie G Pilitsis, Nathan R Selden, and Deborah L Benzil.
• 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York.
• J. Neurosurg. 2023 Dec 1; 139 (6): 174117471741-1747.

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to survey residents, fellows, and residency program leadership to assess the long-term impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on residency training by using a structured survey methodology.MethodsA survey was distributed to US neurosurgical residents and fellows (n = 2085) as well as program directors (PDs) and chairs (n = 216) in early 2022. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with a decreased likelihood of pursuing a career in academic neurosurgery because of the pandemic, a perception that surgical skills preparation was negatively impacted, personal financial concerns, and a preference for remote education. Significant differences in the bivariate analysis underwent further multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate for predictors of these outcomes.ResultsAn analysis of complete surveys from 264 residents and fellows (12.7%) and 38 PDs and chairs (17.6%) was performed. Over half of the residents and fellows (50.8%) believed that their surgical skills preparation was negatively impacted by the pandemic, and a notable proportion believed that they were less likely to go into academics because of the pandemic's impact on their professional (20.8%) and personal (28.8%) life. Those less likely to pursue academics were more likely to report that work-life balance did not improve (p = 0.049), personal financial concerns increased (p = 0.01), and comradery among residents (p = 0.002) and with faculty (p = 0.001) did not improve. Residents who indicated they were less likely to go into academics were also more likely to have been redeployed (p = 0.038). A large majority of PDs and chairs indicated that the pandemic resulted in financial setbacks for their departments (71.1%) and institutions (84.2%), with 52.6% reporting reduced faculty compensation. Financial setbacks at the institutional level were associated with a worsened opinion of hospital leadership (p = 0.019) and reports of a reduced quality of care for non-COVID-19 patients (p = 0.005) but not from faculty member losses (p = 0.515). A plurality of trainees (45.5%) reported a preference for a remote format for educational conferences compared to 37.1% who disagreed.ConclusionsThis study provides a cross-section of the pandemic's impact on academic neurosurgery, highlighting the importance of continued efforts to assess and address the long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for US academic neurosurgery.

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