• Seyed Morsal Mosallami Aghili, Seyed Farzad Maroufi, Mohammadmahdi Sabahi, Mahla Esmaeilzadeh, Rocco Dabecco, Badih Adada, and Hamid Borghei-Razavi.
• Department of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• World Neurosurg. 2023 Aug 1; 176: 149158149-158.

ObjectiveThe primary objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) in improving outcomes in patients undergoing pituitary surgery.MethodsA systematic review was performed by searching MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase electronic bibliographic databases from conception to 2022.ResultsThe included studies yielded a total of 660 patients, with 488 patients undergoing IOUS. Outcome were available for 341 patients treated with IOUS and 157 patients who were treated without the IOUS application, and the remission rates following surgery were 76% and 59%, respectively. Only 2 studies reported remission rates for both groups, and meta-analysis for these studies showed significant superiority of intraoperative ultrasonography (Random effect, odds ratio 4.99, P < 0.01). Regarding extent of resection, IOUS resulted in 71% gross total resection, while absence of IOUS yielded a gross total resection rate of 44%. Among studies with available follow-up on IOUS, the recurrence rate was 3%. Pituitary dysfunction (34%), cerebrospinal fluid leak (31%), and central nervous system infection (8%) were the most common complications in the IOUS group. The mean follow-up was 19.97 months in studies reporting follow-up time.ConclusionsThe application of the IOUS is both safe and effective and could improve the outcome of pituitary surgeries. IOUS can assist surgeons in the identification of pituitary tumors and their surrounding anatomy and can help minimize the risk of complications associated with this complex surgical procedure.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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