• Madison B Argo, David J Barron, Igor Bondarenko, Aaron Eckhauser, Peter J Gruber, Linda M Lambert, Tharini Paramananthan, Maha Rahman, David S Winlaw, Can Yerebakan, Bahaaldin Alsoufi, William M DeCampli, Osami Honjo, James K Kirklin, Carol Prospero, Karthik Ramakrishnan, James D St Louis, Joseph W Turek, James E O'Brien, Christian Pizarro, Petros V Anagnostopoulos, Eugene H Blackstone, Marshall L Jacobs, Anusha Jegatheeswaran, Tara Karamlou, Elizabeth H Stephens, Anastasios C Polimenakos, Marcus P Haw, and Brian W McCrindle.
• Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wis; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2023 Nov 1; 166 (5): 13001313.e21300-1313.e2.

ObjectiveTo compare patient characteristics and overall survival for infants with critical left heart obstruction after hybrid palliation (bilateral pulmonary artery banding with or without ductal stenting) versus nonhybrid management (eg, Norwood, primary transplantation, biventricular repair, or transcatheter/surgical aortic valvotomy).MethodsFrom 2005 to 2019, 1045 infants in the Congenital Heart Surgeons' Society critical left heart obstruction cohort underwent interventions across 28 institutions. Using a balancing score propensity analysis, 214 infants who underwent hybrid palliation and 831 infants who underwent nonhybrid management were proportionately matched regarding variables significantly associated with mortality and variables noted to significantly differ between groups. Overall survival between the 2 groups was adjusted by applying balancing scores to nonparametric estimates.ResultsCompared with the nonhybrid management group, infants who underwent hybrid palliation had lower birth weight, smaller gestational age, and higher prevalence of in-utero interventions, noncardiac comorbidities, preoperative mechanical ventilation, absent interatrial communication, and moderate or severe mitral valve stenosis (all P values < .03). Unadjusted 12-year survival after hybrid palliation and nonhybrid management, was 55% versus 69%, respectively. After matching, 12-year survival after hybrid palliation versus nonhybrid management was 58% versus 63%, respectively (P = .37). Among matched infants born weighing <2.5 kg, 2-year survival after hybrid palliation versus nonhybrid management was 37% versus 51%, respectively (P = .22).ConclusionsInfants born with critical left heart obstruction who undergo hybrid palliation have more high-risk characteristics and anatomy versus infants who undergo nonhybrid management. Nonetheless, after adjustment, there was no significant difference in 12-year survival after hybrid palliation versus nonhybrid management. Mortality remains high, and hybrid palliation confers no survival advantage, even for lower-birth-weight infants.Copyright © 2023 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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