• Michael Z L Zhu, Igor E Konstantinov, Damien M Wu, Fraser R O Wallace, Christian P Brizard, and Edward Buratto.
• Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Heart Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
• J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2023 Nov 1; 166 (5): 12791288.e11279-1288.e1.

BackgroundAortic valve repair and the Ross procedure are widely used in children; however, it is unclear which provides the best outcomes.MethodsPatients who underwent primary aortic valve surgery from 1980 to 2018 were included. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for baseline differences.ResultsOf 415 children, 82.7% (343/415) underwent repair and 17.3% (72/415) underwent the Ross procedure. At 15 years, survival was higher for aortic valve repair (93.9% ± 1.8% vs 80.9% ± 6.4%, P = .04); freedom from reoperation (45.7% ± 4.9% vs 48.5% ± 9.0%, P = .29) did not differ, and freedom from aortic valve reoperation was higher in the Ross procedure group (45.7% ± 4.9% vs 70.7% ± 8.0%, P < .001). When analyzed by quality of repair, acceptable repair provided the highest survival (P = .01). Acceptable repair and the Ross procedure had similar freedom from reoperation at 15 years, whereas suboptimal repair performed worse (acceptable: 54.9% ± 6.7%; Ross procedure: 48.5% ± 9.0%; suboptimal: 27.0% ± 7.7%, P < .001). Acceptable repair and the Ross procedure had similar freedom from aortic valve reoperation at 15 years, whereas suboptimal repair showed worse results (acceptable: 54.9 ± 6.7; Ross procedure: 70.7% ± 8.0%; suboptimal: 27.0% ± 7.7%, P < .001). Propensity score matching paired 66 patients who underwent the Ross procedure with 198 patients who underwent repair. At 15 years, repair was associated with better survival (98.0% ± 1.2% vs 78.5% ± 7.2%, P = .03), whereas freedom from reoperation was similar (42.6% ± 7.6% vs 50.7% ± 9.8%, P = .50). However, the Ross procedure was associated with higher freedom from aortic valve reoperation (42.6% ± 7.6% vs 72.3% ± 8.5%, P = .002).ConclusionsPrimary aortic valve repair was associated with better survival than the Ross procedure, whereas overall freedom from reoperation was similar. When an acceptable intraoperative result was achieved, outcomes of repair were favorable. However, when the intraoperative result of repair was suboptimal, the Ross procedure showed better results.Crown Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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