• Daniela A Perez-Chadid, Veiga SilvaAna CristinaACNeurosurgery Postgraduation Department, Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (PosNeuro) Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil., Zerubabbel K Asfaw, Saad Javed, Nathan A Shlobin, Edward I Ham, Adriana Libório, Elizabeth Ogando-Rivas, Faith C Robertson, Tarek Rayan, Maria L Gandía-González, Angelos Kolias, Ernest J Barthélemy, and Ignatius Esene.
• Faculty of Medicine, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia. Electronic address: danielaperezchadid@gmail.com.
• World Neurosurg. 2023 Aug 1; 176: e190e199e190-e199.

BackgroundBarriers to neurosurgery training and practice in Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACs) have been scarcely documented. The World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies Young Neurosurgeons Forum survey sought to identify young neurosurgeons' needs, roles, and challenges. We present the results focused on Latin America and the Caribbean.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the Young Neurosurgeons Forum survey responses from LACs, following online survey dissemination through personal contacts, social media, and neurosurgical societies' e-mailing lists between April and November 2018. Data analysis was performed using Jamovi version 2.0 and STATA version 16.ResultsThere were 91 respondents from LACs. Three (3.3%) respondents practiced in high-income countries, 77 (84.6%) in upper middle-income countries, 10 (11%) in lower middle-income countries, and 1 (1.1%) in an unclassified country. The majority (77, or 84.6%) of respondents were male, and 71 (90.2%) were younger than 40. Access to basic imaging modalities was high, with access to computed tomography scan universal among the survey respondents. However, only 25 (27.5%) of respondents reported having access to imaging guidance systems (navigation), and 73 (80.2%) reported having access to high-speed drills. A high GDP per capita was associated with increased availability of high-speed drills and more time dedicated to educational endeavors in neurosurgery, such as didactic teaching and topic presentation (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis survey found that neurosurgery trainees and practitioners of Latin America and the Caribbean face many barriers to practice. These include inadequate state-of-the-art neurosurgical equipment, a lack of standardized training curricula, few research opportunities, and long working hours.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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