• Military medicine · Jul 2023

    Historical Article

    Failure to Plan: The Disease That Cost an American Empire.

    • Matthew D Turner and Jason Sapp.
    • U.S. Army, Transitional Year Program/Department of Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA 98431, USA.
    • Mil Med. 2023 Jul 22; 188 (7-8): 171173171-173.

    AbstractIn 1802, the deadliest recorded epidemic of yellow fever struck a French expeditionary force, permanently destroying Napoleon Bonaparte's ambition to re-conquer Haiti and secure a North American empire. Toussaint L'Ouverture, Haitian revolutionary, effectively used his medical experience to spread this disease among French troops.Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States 2023. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

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