• Vitelhe Ferreira de Almeida, Maria Clara Bisaio Quiliici, Sebastiana Silva Sabino, Daiane Silva Resende, Iara Rossi, CamposPaola Amaral dePA0000-0001-9384-7582PhD. Biologist, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia (MG), Brazil., Rosineide Marques Ribas, and Paulo Pinto Gontijo-Filho.
• MSc. Biologist and Doctoral Student, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia (MG), Brazil.
• Sao Paulo Med J. 2023 Jan 1; 141 (6): e20210933e20210933.

BackgroundUrinary tract infections (UTI) are highly preventable and have significant clinical and financial impact on the patient and the health care system.ObjectiveTo investigate UTIs in critically ill adult patients and the relationship of antimicrobial consumption and multidrug-resistant isolate.Design And SettingA cohort study performed in a Brazilian tertiary-care university hospital in the city of Uberlandia (MG), located at the Federal University of Uberlandia, southeast region of the country.MethodsWe analyzed a cohort of 363 patients with first episode of UTIs from the adult intensive care unit (ICU), from January 2012 to December 2018. The daily doses of antimicrobial administered were calculated.ResultsThe incidence rate of UTI was 7.2/1000 patient days, with 3.5/1000 patient-days of bacteriuria, and 2.1/1000 patient-days of candiduria. Of 373 microorganisms identified, 69 (18.4%) were Gram-positive cocci, 190 (50.9%) Gram-negative bacilli, and 114 yeasts (30.7%). Escherichia coli and Candida spp. were the most common. Patients with candiduria had higher comorbidity score (Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 3), longer length of stay (P = 0.0066), higher mortality (P = < 0.0001) severe sepsis, septic shock, and were immunocompromised when compared with patients with bacteriuria. We observed correlation between antibiotics consumption and multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms.ConclusionThe UTIs incidence was high and was mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria that were resistant to common antibiotics. We observed increase in the consumption of broad-spectrum antibiotics in ICU correlating with MDR microorganisms. In general, ICU-acquired candiduria may be associated with critical illness and poor prognosis.

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