• Marco Duering, Geert Jan Biessels, Amy Brodtmann, Christopher Chen, Charlotte Cordonnier, Frank-Erik de Leeuw, Stéphanie Debette, Richard Frayne, Eric Jouvent, Natalia S Rost, Annemieke Ter Telgte, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Walter H Backes, Hee-Joon Bae, Rosalind Brown, Hugues Chabriat, Alberto De Luca, Charles deCarli, Anna Dewenter, Fergus N Doubal, Michael Ewers, Thalia S Field, Aravind Ganesh, Steven Greenberg, Karl G Helmer, Saima Hilal, Angela C C Jochems, Hanna Jokinen, Hugo Kuijf, Bonnie Y K Lam, Jessica Lebenberg, Bradley J MacIntosh, Pauline Maillard, MokVincent C TVCTDivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong K, Leonardo Pantoni, Salvatore Rudilosso, Claudia L Satizabal, Markus D Schirmer, Reinhold Schmidt, Colin Smith, Julie Staals, Michael J Thrippleton, Susanne J van Veluw, Prashanthi Vemuri, Yilong Wang, David Werring, Marialuisa Zedde, Rufus O Akinyemi, Oscar H Del Brutto, Hugh S Markus, Yi-Cheng Zhu, Eric E Smith, Martin Dichgans, and Joanna M Wardlaw.
• Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Medical Image Analysis Center, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: marco.duering@med.uni-muenchen.de.
• Lancet Neurol. 2023 Jul 1; 22 (7): 602618602-618.

AbstractCerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is common during ageing and can present as stroke, cognitive decline, neurobehavioural symptoms, or functional impairment. SVD frequently coexists with neurodegenerative disease, and can exacerbate cognitive and other symptoms and affect activities of daily living. Standards for Reporting Vascular Changes on Neuroimaging 1 (STRIVE-1) categorised and standardised the diverse features of SVD that are visible on structural MRI. Since then, new information on these established SVD markers and novel MRI sequences and imaging features have emerged. As the effect of combined SVD imaging features becomes clearer, a key role for quantitative imaging biomarkers to determine sub-visible tissue damage, subtle abnormalities visible at high-field strength MRI, and lesion-symptom patterns, is also apparent. Together with rapidly emerging machine learning methods, these metrics can more comprehensively capture the effect of SVD on the brain than the structural MRI features alone and serve as intermediary outcomes in clinical trials and future routine practice. Using a similar approach to that adopted in STRIVE-1, we updated the guidance on neuroimaging of vascular changes in studies of ageing and neurodegeneration to create STRIVE-2.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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