• Critical care clinics · Jul 2023

    Review

    Critical Care 1950 to 2022: Evolution of Medicine, Nursing, Technology, and Design.

    • D Kirk Hamilton, Jeanne Kisacky, and Frank Zilm.
    • Department of Architecture, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Electronic address: khamilton@tamu.edu.
    • Crit Care Clin. 2023 Jul 1; 39 (3): 603625603-625.

    AbstractCritical care units-designed for concentrated and specialized care-came from multiple parallel advances in medical, surgical, and nursing techniques and training taking advantage of new therapeutic technologies. Regulatory requirements and government policy impacted design and practice. After WWII, medical practice and education promoted further specialization. Hospitals offered newer, more extreme, and specialized surgeries and anesthesia enabled more complex procedures. ICUs developed in the 1950s, providing a recovery room's level of observation and specialized nursing to serve the critically ill, whether medical or surgical.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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