• Gerald Gartlehner, Eva Schernhammer, Sigurd F Lax, Matthias Preusser, Herbert Bachler, Harald Titzer, Maria Kletecka-Pulker, Helga Turnher, and Uwe Siebert.
• Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, University of Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Austria. gerald.gartlehner@donau-uni.ac.at.
• Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. 2023 Sep 1; 135 (17-18): 447455447-455.

BackgroundColorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer in Austria. To date, colorectal cancer screening in Austria remains opportunistic and includes colonoscopy or stool-based blood tests. The Austrian National Committee for Cancer Screening developed evidence-based recommendations for a nationwide organized colorectal cancer screening program.MethodsThe methodological framework followed the approach of the United States Preventive Services Task Force. The evidence base underlying the newly developed recommendations comprised a review of the existing published evidence and a decision analytic model tailored to the Austrian context. Using a structured process, committee members considered 1) the magnitude of the net benefit of each screening strategy, 2) the certainty of evidence, and 3) the level of acceptance of the interventions among the target population.RecommendationsThe Austrian National Committee for Cancer Screening recommends the implementation of a nationwide organized colorectal cancer screening program for all adults aged 45-75 years. For persons 65 years or older, screening decisions should occur on an individual basis in accordance with a person's overall health, prior screening history, and preferences. Specifically, the committee recommends either a 10-year screening colonoscopy or biennial fecal immunochemical tests with colonoscopy following a positive result, with both screening strategies considered equivalent. Each citizen should be able to make an informed decision about their preferred screening method. Switching between the two screening strategies should be possible. Following an unremarkable colonoscopy, screening by fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is only required after 10 years. Screening recommendations apply only to asymptomatic persons at average risk for colorectal cancer. The screening program must be pilot tested, and accompanied by a public information campaign, formative evaluation, quality assurance, and data collection.© 2023. The Author(s).

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