• Maryam Gondal.
• Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, BB114, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Electronic address: maryam.gondal@yale.edu.
• Med. Clin. North Am. 2023 Jul 1; 107 (4): 681687681-687.

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition which is defined by decreased kidney function evidenced by a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or markers of kidney damage, or both, for at least 3 months, regardless of the underlying cause. The 5 stages of CKD are based on the estimated GFR. Patients with CKD have significantly higher rates of morbidity, mortality, hospitalization, and health care utilization. Renal replacement therapy in the form of dialysis or kidney transplant is the life-sustaining treatment for patients with kidney failure. Predialysis education helps patients make informed decisions and opt for a modality conducive with their lifestyle/values. It has also been associated with improvement in measurable outcomes such as delayed initiation of dialysis, cardiovascular complications, and mortality.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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