• Pain Med · Nov 2023

    Age as a moderator in the interplay between locus of control, coping, and quality of life of chronic pain sufferers.

    • Joanna Kłosowska, Dominika Farley, Justyna Brączyk, Ewa Buglewicz-Przewoźnik, and Przemysław Bąbel.
    • Pain Research Group, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Kraków, Poland.
    • Pain Med. 2023 Nov 2; 24 (11): 125112611251-1261.

    ObjectiveIdentifying the factors that determine the quality of life of patients with chronic pain is an integral part of developing interventions to reduce the negative impact of persistent pain. Locus of control (LoC) could play an important role in adaptation to prolonged pain, but the results of studies are inconsistent. We examined the link between pain LoC and quality of life. Moreover, we investigated whether the relationship between LoC and quality of life is mediated by passive and active coping, and whether age moderates the LoC-coping relationship.MethodsThe study was cross-sectional, and variables (internal, chance and powerful-others LoC, pain coping strategies, average pain intensity, and quality of life) were assessed via questionnaires in a sample of 594 individuals (67% females) with chronic pain who were 18-72 (mean: 36) years of age.ResultsMediation and moderated mediation analyses were conducted. Internal and external LoC were associated, respectively, with better and with worse quality of life. Passive coping mediated the association between the powerful-others dimension of LoC and poor quality of life. Additionally, indirect effects of internal LoC on quality of life via passive and active coping were found. The relationship between the powerful-others dimension of LoC and coping was stronger for middle-aged and older individuals than for younger individuals.ConclusionsThis study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms linking LoC with quality of life of patients with chronic pain. Depending on the age, control beliefs might translate differently into strategies used to cope with pain, and thus into quality of life.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Pain Medicine.

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