• Makoto Kawanishi, Yukihide Nishimura, Tokio Kinoshita, Takamasa Hashizaki, Yasunori Umemoto, Kazunari Nishiyama, and Fumihiro Tajima.
• Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Jun 16; 102 (24): e34001e34001.

BackgroundIn myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), in addition to disease-related symptoms, many adverse events are associated with anticancer agents, myeloablative conditioning (MAC), and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Isolation and bed rest in a clean room severely limit physical activity, resulting in cardiopulmonary and muscle weakness. In addition, post-transplant patients may experience general fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, and infections associated with a weakened immune system, as well as graft-versus-host disease, which causes further decline in physical function and activities of daily living (ADL). Most reports on the rehabilitation of patients with hematopoietic tumors involve interventions before and after chemotherapy or transplantation. However, an important issue is to establish effective and feasible exercise programs in a clean room setting, where activity is severely limited and physical function is most likely to decline.Case ReportThis case report describes the treatment progress of a 60-year-old man with MDS and thrombocytopenia scheduled to receive MAC and allo-HSCT, who continued bicycle ergometer and step exercises from admission to discharge. The patient was admitted for allo-HSCT, and on day 4, he started bicycle ergometer and step exercise in a clean room and continued until discharge. As a result, exercise tolerance and lower-extremity muscle strength were maintained at the time of hospital discharge. Furthermore, the patient was able to continue rehabilitation in a restricted environment without adverse events.ConclusionsThe rehabilitation and treatment course of this case may provide valuable information for patients with MDS and thrombocytopenia.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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